Performance Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Execution Management - Assignment Example There are different sorts of execution the board designs that an enterprise may choose to utilize. The two most conspicuous kinds of execution the board plans are key execution the executives plans and authoritative plans (Customwritingtips, 2013). Key plans place accentuation on the long haul. As a component of a key presentation plan an association must survey the outer elements that influence the association. Managerial execution plans centers around the present moment and on the inner variables that can be adjusted to accomplish positive change in an organization. The utilization of execution the executives impacts the workers of an association in an assortment of ways. Execution the board improves the inspiration of the laborers. It does an increasingly viable activity of remunerating representatives that are performing. The corporate culture of a firm is upgraded by the utilization of execution the executives. Firms that execute execution the board ordinarily experience a profi tability blast. Utilizing execution the board can help track representative execution better. The complete remuneration of representatives increments. Regardless of the advantages related with execution the executives there are additionally cons related with its usage. Frequently business related pressure increments as an immediate outcome of the utilization of execution the executives. Collaboration and cooperation diminishes among the workers. At the point when execution the board is utilized rivalry among the workers rises. ... Workers likewise feel a more noteworthy strain to perform. Three different ways to decide singular execution are close to home perception, criticism, and execution surveys (Aprioritylearning). Execution the executives influences the pay that the representatives get for their work. The conventional pay arrangement of paying a fixed compensation or continuously has demonstrated to be ineffectual. At the point when representatives are paid a fixed remuneration for their work they lose inspiration. In an organization that utilizes execution the board the laborers that accomplish higher efficiency get higher prize. Low entertainers are antagonistically influenced in light of the fact that they get lower remuneration. The pay framework under execution the executives is more attractive. Organizations get more noteworthy proficiency from its remuneration plan under execution the board. A great deal of variables ought to be viewed as when beginning an exhibition the board plan. It is imperati ve to appropriately prepare the laborers on the various viewpoints and ramifications of the presentation the board plan. During the initial not many long stretches of usage the workers ought to experience a direction period. The aptitudes of the laborers ought to be lined up with the activity necessities of the program. The organization needs to decide whether the firm has sufficient money related assets to pay for the additional pay of the laborers. The corporate culture of the business is another factor that ought to be thought of. The effect the arrangement will have on worker relations must be evaluated. Authoritative costs are probably going to increment under execution the board. The adequacy of the arrangement must be followed. Organizations must investigation the drawn out effect of utilizing execution the executives and they likewise need to manage the momentary outcomes. It is critical to incorporate a decent

The Giant Panda Conservation Project Free Essays

In spite of the fact that pandas are profoundly respected and have a generally low number of common predators, they are an imperiled species. People have seriously undermined the panda’s presence additionally with the goal that now there are less than 1,600 of them left in nature. This serene animal with an unmistakable highly contrasting coat is venerated by the world and thought about a national fortune in China (WWF, 2013). We will compose a custom paper test on The Giant Panda Conservation Project or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now The bear additionally is of exceptional significance to the World Wildlife Fund. The panda has been WWF’s logo since its establishing in 1961. This paper will look at the adequacy of, and issues identified with, the monster panda preservation endeavors. The rarest individual from the bear family, pandas live primarily in bamboo woods high in the mountains of western China, where they stay alive as a rule on bamboo. They should eat from 26 to 84 pounds of it consistently. China’s Yangtze Basin locale, which holds the panda’s essential territory, is the geographic and financial heart of this blasting nation. An expanding number of streets and railways are being made all through the woods, which detaches panda populaces and forestalls mating. Timberland demolition additionally decreases pandas’ capacity to get to the bamboo they have to endure. The Chinese government has built up in excess of 50 panda saves. In any case, just around 61 percent of the country’s panda populace is ensured by these stores. With the assistance of preservation associations and different gatherings, they have ensured more than 45 percent of the last uneven areas, approaching more than 6,000 square miles of mountain and woods territory known to be occupied by wild pandas. They have likewise saved hallways of new bamboo for their security from tamed creature brushing, and human obstruction (International, 2013). Chengdu is known for being the old neighborhood of the mammoth panda. In 1987, when it became clear that pandas were genuinely jeopardized in the wild, the Chinese made the Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding. Beginning with only six pandas from the wild, they’ve effectively reproduced in excess of 100 pandas. The work done at Chengdu and other rearing places costs a large number of dollars a year. Specialists accept that of all species on the planet, the monster panda is the one animal groups wherein the most cash is being put resources into to spare. This has lead a few progressives to contend that an excessive amount of is being spent to spare the mammoth panda. â€Å"I think we need to make extreme choices,† British natural life master, Chris Packham, said. â€Å"I imagine that, eventually, we must be realistic just as wistful. You know, we can’t permit our heart to lead our preservation head†¦ and in the event that we channel this much into only one animal varieties, at that point numerous others which could be far superior helped, numerous others species, however networks and biological systems, could be better ensured to the detriment of one feathery, cuddly bear† (Snow, 2013). Packham is in the minority here, however an ever increasing number of researchers are beginning to concur with him. The Chinese government has had a lot of accomplishment in instructing the general population about the eventual fate of the mammoth panda, by setting set up assurance against poaching, and even weapon control for the stores. By instructing general society, an ever increasing number of pandas have been brought to the Research Center for recuperation and clinical consideration because of wounds or ailment. Logging has been restricted in the stores and the bamboo halls. The streets giving access to the stores are additionally being watched to help forestall anybody entering without express power, for the consideration or investigation of the earth or the pandas. In any case, as Packham states, â€Å"Pandas are remarkably costly to continue onward. We burn through a great many beats on essentially this one animal varieties, and barely any others, when we realize that the best thing we could do is care for the world’s biodiversity hotspots with more noteworthy consideration. † His perspective is that without a natural surroundings, there is nothing to work with. His proposal is that we take all the money we spend on pandas and purchase rainforests with it. He understands that it is the normal reaction to need to invest cash and energy in the panda since they are so charming and cuddly. They simply pull at peoples’ heart strings in light of their appearance. The pandas are emblematic of what he alludes to as single-species protection: I. e. , an attention on one creature. This methodology started during the 1970s with Save the Tiger, Save the Panda, Save the Whale, etc, and it is presently outdated. His conviction is that pandas have had an important job in raising the profile of preservation, however maybe ‘had’ is the correct word. Panda traditionalists state that the panda is a lead animal varieties. In any case, we’re likewise saving Chinese backwoods, where there are numerous different species. For whatever length of time that this protection works, Mr. Packham states that he is totally supportive of it. Be that as it may, a few animal categories are more grounded than others. The panda is definitely not a solid types of bear as he would see it. It has gone herbivorous and eats a sort of food that isn’t ll that nutritious, as is ceasing to exist gradually. It is defenseless to different infections and, up to this point, has been practically difficult to raise in imprisonment. This species additionally has an exceptionally constrained region of home, which is diminishing, since the Chinese populace continues discovering approaches to utilize their property. While Mr. Packham’s focuses are legitimate, it appears he overlooks the way that pandas assume a critical job in the bamboo timberlands where they meander by spreading seeds and encouraging development of vegetation. Likewise, in the Yangtze Basin where pandas live, the backwoods are home to natural life, for example, predominate blue sheep, multi-hued fowls and other imperiled species, including the brilliant monkey, and different flying creatures that are not found anyplace else on the planet (WWF, 2013), making the panda a successful banner boat animal categories, which is something that Packham himself expressed merited protecting. One conviction is that huge creatures can be amazingly valuable in the reason for preservation. Littler animals regularly don’t need a major natural surroundings to live in, so in preservation terms, it’s better to endeavor to spare something further up the evolved way of life. By doing this, you are ensuring an a lot bigger zone, which will likewise incorporate the littler creatures. Pandas are a genuine model for the messages you need to put out on living space preservation. We partner Borneo with the orangutans, the southern seas with the blue whale, and the North with polar bears. So it is with China and the panda bears (Snow, 2013). Many venerate the panda bear and their safeguarding is essential to the Chinese culture. Individuals react to their circumstance, which has any kind of effect. References Benedictus, L. (2009). Should pandas be left to confront termination? | Environment | The Guardian. Most recent US news, world news, game and remark from the Guardian | guardiannews.com | The Guardian. Recovered April 27, 2013, from http://www.guardian.co.uk/condition/2009/sep/23/panda-elimination chris-packham International, C. (2013). Dangers to Pandas. Protection International. Recovered April 28, 2013, from http://www.conservation.org/learn/biodiversity/species/profiles/pandas/pandas/review/Pages/threats.aspx Snow, K. (2013). Are mammoth pandas worth sparing? †Rock Center with Brian Williams. Rock Center with Brian Williams. Step by step instructions to refer to The Giant Panda Conservation Project, Papers

Gay marriages in colorado Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Gay relationships in colorado - Assignment Example Notwithstanding, about a month prior, news was coursing wherever concerning the Colorado senate’s section of a bill. The Colorado Civil Unions Act was to furnish same sex couples common associations with legitimate rights. These rights incorporate the appropriate for gays and lesbians to settle on clinical choices concerning their accomplices and option to get representative advantages as straight individuals do. Gay relationships have picked up acknowledgment in Colorado and the world everywhere with the headway of gay associations. It has gotten worthy to the point that there are wedding organizers for gay relationships. Indeed, even the houses of worship are recognizing gay relationships and some like the First Presbyterian Church are thinking about administering gay relationships. The point is, be that as it may, in any case questionable and exceptionally discussed in light of the fact that not every person has grasped the gay way of life. A model is the Colorado Springs, which is an individual from the Presbyterian Church. It is taking steps to pull out of the Presbyterian Church, should the primary church grasp the gay culture and acknowledge gay

Essay Examples on Michelangelo Essay Example

Exposition Examples on Michelangelo Paper first Essay Sample on Michelangelo Michelangelo was conceived in 1475 and kicked the bucket in 1564 he passed on at 89 years old. His complete name was Michelangelo Buonarroti. He was an Italian painter, stone worker, modeler, and artist . Michelangelo believed the male bare to be best subject in craftsmanship, for the most part in light of the fact that at the time men were considered in charge of everything.Even while being a planner he attempted to show humantension through windows or even entryways. Michelangelo adored a test, regardless of whether it be scholarly physical,or imaginative. In painting figures, he picked represents that were hard to draw. He gave his work various implications alomost unrecognizable just to what the observer needed it to be. He was succesful at what he did at this point when he passed on they discovered a lot of his work incomplete as though he had a brain square. Michelangelo was conceived in the little town of Caprese in Tuscany and grew up inFlorence. Florence was the creative foc al point of the early Renaissance. Michelangelo went to a grammer school as a result of the cases his folks needed to nobility.Although his father disliked craftsmanship Michelangelo prefferd it to his school work From 1490 to 1492 Michelangelo livedwith Lorenzo de’ Medici (known as Lorenzo the Magnificent), around then he was the main craftsman of Florence. The Medici house was a gathering place for logicians specialists, and poets.This was an incredible time for michelangelo to examine and watch different craftsmen. Different craftsmen showed michelangelo the craftsmanship and love for composing. Which was Michelangelo’s most significant piece was the Sistine church during the time of 1508 through 1512.Michelangelo was likewise extremely strict. In this way, he communicated his own convictions most obviously in his later work. His later drawings are of christian convictions, for example, the crucifixtion of people.Throughout his vocation Michelangelo interacted with influential men. second Essay Sample on Michelangelo Michelangelo was one of the most popular and fruitful individuals of his time. Michelangelo went to a school set up by Lorenzo the Magnificent in the nurseries of the Palazzo Medici. There he would have approached the Medici assortment of collectibles, just as a specific measure of educational cost from the occupant ace, Bertoldo di Giovanni. Michelangelo was an ace in more than one area.Atfirst, Michelangelo was generally well known for his models, for example, the Pieta, Moses, David, and Pope Julius IIIs tomb.After Lorenzos demise the school separated and Michelangelo would perform casual post-mortems so as to improve his dominance of the human form.The design that made Michelangelos notoriety is the Pietà ¢.The Pieta is a figure with Jesus lying in the lap of Virgin Mary.Michelangelo communicated the passionate, human parts of Mary morning over the body of her dead son.Because of his investigation of the human body the Pieta was incredibly point by point particularly in the musc les and vein! s.When cutting models he accepted that the figures he cut were at that point in the marble and he had tofree them.He later taken a shot at David, which was made out of an imperfect stone and summarized all that he had learned.It represented city pride . It took him four years to, in his own words, free the figure detained in the marble.As well similar to a stone worker, Michelangelo was additionally an exceptional painter.Pope Julius III employed Michelangelo to paint the roof of the Sistine Chapel.The nine scenes of the Sistine Ceiling switch back and forth among enormous and littler rectangular areas that are bolstered by agnostic sibyls and Hebrew prophets. So as to pass on the scriptural stories, Michelangelo utilized his aptitude to romanticize the essential idea of every scene into more than 300 key figures and motions. We will compose a custom article test on Essay Examples on Michelangelo explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Essay Examples on Michelangelo explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Essay Examples on Michelangelo explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer

Egalitarian Companies Are More Innovative

Talk about the upsides and downsides of the accompanying articulation: â€Å"Egalitarian organizations are increasingly creative. † A populist organization exists with equivalent human rights for all workers, paying little mind to social financial salary, race, root, sexual orientation, strict or political convictions. A great many people see populist as reasonable as it makes a well disposed workplace. a libertarian workplace doesn’t rely upon sets of expectations and customary administration jobs. This permits representatives to work as an increasingly comprehensive work power. it advanced shared obligations among laborers and advances collaboration. A populist workplace doesn’t rely upon expected set of responsibilities and conventional administration jobs to characterize representatives and structure workforce. This permits representatives in an organization to exist without orders and capacity as increasingly comprehensive workforce. Workers may feel progressively valued and contribute thoughts to the company’s development and generally course and operational methodologies. Stars. In associations, chain of importance is something beyond a human inclination, it’s a handy need. The reason for an association is to assemble differing gifts and capacities so as to deliver merchandise and ventures. In the cutting edge world, we have innovation to increase this yield. We have to split assignments, coordinate them with the correct individuals (since not all individuals have equivalent aptitudes), and afterward incorporate them for clients. Someone needs to give the bearing to get this going adequately at each stage and level. This is the place the job of the boss, supervisor, group pioneer, or official comes in. Without this direction and choice capacity, we would have complication. There are many, organizations that have since a long time ago demonstrated accomplishment through their structure. In certain market situations there need severe adherence to principles, necessities, arrangements, and so forth ierarchies can help guarantee top quality is constantly present. ie wellbeing offices. Furthermore, using masters or specialists inside an association or system, is regular. Not every person can do everything. Limits can be increasingly penetrable with the goal that individuals can share data, assets, and thoughts to make the entire undertaking progressively fruitful. Getting this going is rarely simple, yet it can’t be done at all without pioneers who have the position to break the ties among gatherings and people who have various dreams of what ought to be finished. There is no preferable method to do this over through customary progression. Alongside that, it may not be cost, time or quality withstanding to let everybody wander indiscriminately without bearing. The correct mix and parity for any one specific association will rely upon the pace of progress in the business, the capacities of the representatives, and the assets accessible to make a move. The requirement for administration will consistently exist. There will consistently be a requirement for visionaries, individuals who can impact others, and individuals who can execute. Cons. While chains of importance were the supported type of sorting out before, they ought not be the key plan in business. Chains of importance, portrayed by close controls, incorporated dynamic, and obvious sets of expectations, regularly estrange representatives and advance an individualistic work mindset. Customary administration frameworks are progressively a disappearing breed, not, at this point important or pertinent in today’s progressively human-capital-driven working environment. The absence of sets of responsibilities, compliment associations, and adaptable methodology would almost certainly fit better for authoritative conditions that are new, youthful, or quickly developing. With an exceptionally quick pace of progress, compelling sets of responsibilities may keep people away from making a move. Administration is indispensable in driving forward rules that can be followed up on. With visionary methodologies that consider enabled activity, numerous extraordinary things can be accomplished. Recognize three associations that you see as being creative. Association advancement is the effective execution of inventive thoughts in an association. The three associations that I see as being imaginative seem to be; Facebook, Apple and Microsoft. Every one of the three organizations have figured out how to be innovative and continue an upper hand. They have additionally kept up quality and type of their administration and item extra time. Distinguish the advancement and its effect upon every association. Facebook development has pulled in billions of individuals to their site. They have a proceeding with development of intuitive face book correspondence that has made examples of advancement additional time. Facebook has made a market upper hand. Facebook has utilized particular intensity to continue its development and maintain a strategic distance from duplication by contenders. Face book have kept up a steady change by having their individuals sign in for nothing and furthermore by improving the Facebook execution as a prevailing site. Facebook is an informal communication administration and site. As of January 2012, Facebook had in excess of 800 million dynamic clients. Clients must enroll before utilizing the site, after which they may make an individual profile, include different clients as companions, and trade messages, including programmed warnings when they update their profile. Moreover, clients may join basic intrigue client gatherings, sorted out by working environment, school or school, or different qualities, and classify their companions into records, for example, â€Å"People from Work† or â€Å"Close Friends†. Face book development as pulled in 7 billion user’s around the world. It has likewise propelled a Spanish rendition. Apple, perhaps the best trailblazer keep on propelling new innovation I. e. IPhones, iPods. And so on after some time Apple keeps on making more up to date economical innovation. Apple Inc. together with auxiliaries offers structures, fabricates, and showcases versatile correspondence and media gadgets, PCs, and compact advanced music players; and sells related programming, administrations, peripherals, organizing arrangements, and outsider computerized content around the world. Its items and administrations incorporate iPhone, iPad, Mac, iPod, Apple TV, the iOS and Mac OS X working frameworks, iCloud, and different frill and bolster contributions, just as a scope of purchaser and expert programming applications. As of September 24, 2011, the organization had 357 retail locations, remembering 245 stores for the United States and 112 stores globally. Apple Inc. was established in 1976 and is headquartered in Cupertino, California. Microsoft Corporation creates, licenses, and supports a scope of programming items and administrations for different processing gadgets around the world. The company’s Windows and Windows Live Division portion offers PC working framework that basically incorporates Windows 7 and Windows Vista working frameworks; Windows live set-up of utilizations and Web administrations; and Microsoft PC equipment items. Its Microsoft’s Server and Tools section gives Windows Server working frameworks, Windows Azure, Microsoft SQL Server, SQL Azure, Windows Intune, Windows Embedded, Visual Studio, Silverlight, framework focus items, Microsoft counseling administrations, and item bolster administrations. This section additionally offers undertaking counseling administrations; and preparing and confirmation to designers and data innovation experts, just as assembles independent and programming advancement lifecycle instruments for programming draftsmen, engineers, analyzers, and task chiefs. The organization gives online data and substance through Bing, MSN entrances, and adCenter, just as Atlas online instruments for sponsors. Its Microsoft Business Division section offers Microsoft office; Microsoft Exchange; Microsoft SharePoint; Microsoft Lync; Microsoft Dynamics ERP and CRM; and Microsoft Office Web Apps, just as office 365, n online assistance, offering Microsoft Office, Exchange, SharePoint, and Lync. The company’s has made incredible inovative Entertainment and Devices Division section gives Xbox 360 diversion stage, which incorporates the Xbox 360 gaming and amusement comfort, Kinect for Xbox 360, Xbox 360 computer games, Xbox LIVE, and Xbox 360 embellishments; Mediaro om, an Internet convention TV programming; and Windows Phone that give Microsoft Office and Xbox LIVE usefulness. It showcases and conveys its items and administrations through unique gear makers, merchants, and affiliates, just as through on the web. Microsoft was established in 1975 and is headquartered in Redmond, Washington. (www. mocrosoft. com) William Chuck,(management) 2010 Custom Edition.

A Guide to Storytelling with Mind Maps - Focus

A Guide to Storytelling with Mind Maps - Focus Businesses use storytelling to inspire the people who work for them and sell the next great idea. Teachers use stories to help students learn concepts. Journalists tell important stories that help citizens understand the world around them. And, of course, writers and creators use stories to take us to new worlds through film, books, songs, video games, comics, and more. Being able to tell a great story is an invaluable skill. It’s no secret that storytelling is powerful. In fact, our brains even act differently when we hear a story instead of just hearing facts and figures. But good storytelling is hard work, and it takes a lot of planning and thought. Look no further than these famous writers’ outlining methods for proof. The next time you’re trying to weave the perfect narrative, don’t reach for a notebook or a napkin to scribble notes or start an outline. Instead, try using a mind map to boost creativity and think through or organize the story you want to tell. Why do mind maps work for storytelling? The best stories bring many parts together into one complete vision, just like a puzzle. To craft a story, first you need to have a general idea of the overall picture you’re trying to paint. Mind maps help you do that. “To me, the biggest benefit of a plot mind map is being able to see my story on a single sheet of paper,” says writer Kate Brown. “I can see concurrent events side-by-side, and I can see how each plot element ties into the whole with a glance.” Working from one large map also helps you more easily introduce new ideas, ask the right questions and build up the details of your story so that when you’re ready to start writing, you have what you need. Especially when you’re starting from scratch, you don’t want to be boxed in with a linear format like an outline or text notes. Mind maps give you the freedom to explore all the different paths your story could take and connect story elements in important ways to weave an effective narrative. Methods like outlines also don’t easily allow for visuals like mind maps do. Images or graphics can provide inspiration and act as references as you shape your story. Say you needed to go into detail describing a scene. Having a picture right there in your mind map to look at can help you think up the perfect descriptive language. How to use mind maps for storytelling There are lots of different aspects of storytelling which mind maps can help with. Use mind maps to: Cure writer’s block There’s nothing worse than sitting down to write and coming up empty. The next time you experience a bout of writer’s block, start a mind map. By mapping anything that comes to mind, soon “you’ll have an easy-to-read, visual map that makes the connections between ideas jump off the page,” writes marketing strategist Jamie Lee Wallace. “Now, the blank screen that was freaking you out looks like a fresh canvas and you feel like Monet on one of his more inspired days.” Focus your story Once you have an idea you want to pursue, use mind maps to pin down your story’s key take-aways and hone in on what you most want your audience to walk away thinking, feeling or knowing. “Every storytelling exercise should begin by asking: Who is my audience and what is the message I want to share with them?” says writer and editor Carolyn O’Hara. “For instance, if your team is behaving as if failure is not an option, you might decide to impart the message that failure is actually the grandfather of success. Or if you are trying to convince senior leaders to take a risk by supporting your project, you could convey that most companies are built on taking smart chances.” Whatever that key message is, you can use it as the central idea of your mind map to figure out the best way to impart that lesson. Another way to focus your story if you’ve already drawn a map is to go through the map and highlight the most promising concepts or ideas of your narrative. You might end up stripping out ideas that don’t get highlighted or making new maps that focus on just those key items you’ve identified. Establish important connections You can easily reinforce crucial relationships between characters, scenes and plot points using arrows. This helps to add context and think through meaningful connections you might want to emphasize when you start writing. For example, a mind map might help you realize that two characters share the same values or uncover connections between a character’s past and his or her actions. Spot the gaps We all know that one person who loves to point out plot holes in movies. And plot holes can keep even the most experienced writers up at night. Mind maps make it easy to spot unfinished plot points or dangling threads in your story. “Since a mind map is not linear, blank spaces are not only forgivable, they become compelling reasons to think more about the story youre developing,” writes Paul Donovan Campos. If you’re a business storyteller, this can be really useful when telling your brand story because the map can help you anticipate where your audience might be skeptical or have questions. Add layers and context Mind maps help add layers to a linear plot, and while you work on your map, you’ll likely spot natural subplots and develop context around your story. You’ll be able to better understand how your story fits into the bigger picture through mapping it. For example, if you’re telling a story about leadership to your company, a mind map can help you understand how to frame that story in the context of your company’s mission and values. If you’re creating a whole new world with your story (think Harry Potter or Game of Thrones) mind maps can help you create a world that seems real. And with a mind mapping tool like MindMeister, you’ll never run out of room like you would on paper, so you have the freedom to go deep into the details. Write realistic characters Mind maps can also help you write characters who are true to life. Through mind maps, you can freely explore your characters’ communication styles, history, appearance, relationships, defects, and ambitions. Then when you’re writing, you can reference your character mind maps to think through what they would do or say in a certain situation. Begin and end your story When I’m writing an article or blog post, I always leave the intro and conclusion for last. Introducing a story and wrapping it up can be the toughest part of writing. Mind maps give you the big-picture view of your story, making it easy to spot natural points where your narrative could start and finish. And because of their free structure, you can more easily reorganize elements in a mind map to make sure your story flows well from beginning to end. Practice and present If you’re telling your story in front of a live audience, practice can help you become a lot more comfortable. Whether you’re pitching a product, trying to motivate a crowd or drive an audience to action, practicing your presentation with MindMeisters  presentation mode can help you calm your nerves and boost your confidence in your storytelling abilities. “There’s a misperception that great storytellers can whip these yarns out of their hats and deliver with aplomb,” writes Kristi Hedges, author of Power of Presence: Unlock Your Potential to Influence and Engage Others. “The best stories are well-told stories â€" because they get better with each telling.” Maybe you’re a CEO hoping to energize your employees with a story at your next company gathering, or perhaps you’re aiming to become the next J.K Rowling. No matter what kind of tale you’re telling, mind maps are a useful tool that can help you go from a blank page to a complete story that improves understanding, entertains or inspires. Get Started with Mind Mapping! Try MindMeister If you liked this article you might also enjoy:  How to Create High-Value Blog Content with MindMeister and Your Kindle. A Guide to Storytelling with Mind Maps - Focus Businesses use storytelling to inspire the people who work for them and sell the next great idea. Teachers use stories to help students learn concepts. Journalists tell important stories that help citizens understand the world around them. And, of course, writers and creators use stories to take us to new worlds through film, books, songs, video games, comics, and more. Being able to tell a great story is an invaluable skill. It’s no secret that storytelling is powerful. In fact, our brains even act differently when we hear a story instead of just hearing facts and figures. But good storytelling is hard work, and it takes a lot of planning and thought. Look no further than these famous writers’ outlining methods for proof. The next time you’re trying to weave the perfect narrative, don’t reach for a notebook or a napkin to scribble notes or start an outline. Instead, try using a mind map to boost creativity and think through or organize the story you want to tell. Why do mind maps work for storytelling? The best stories bring many parts together into one complete vision, just like a puzzle. To craft a story, first you need to have a general idea of the overall picture you’re trying to paint. Mind maps help you do that. “To me, the biggest benefit of a plot mind map is being able to see my story on a single sheet of paper,” says writer Kate Brown. “I can see concurrent events side-by-side, and I can see how each plot element ties into the whole with a glance.” Working from one large map also helps you more easily introduce new ideas, ask the right questions and build up the details of your story so that when you’re ready to start writing, you have what you need. Especially when you’re starting from scratch, you don’t want to be boxed in with a linear format like an outline or text notes. Mind maps give you the freedom to explore all the different paths your story could take and connect story elements in important ways to weave an effective narrative. Methods like outlines also don’t easily allow for visuals like mind maps do. Images or graphics can provide inspiration and act as references as you shape your story. Say you needed to go into detail describing a scene. Having a picture right there in your mind map to look at can help you think up the perfect descriptive language. How to use mind maps for storytelling There are lots of different aspects of storytelling which mind maps can help with. Use mind maps to: Cure writer’s block There’s nothing worse than sitting down to write and coming up empty. The next time you experience a bout of writer’s block, start a mind map. By mapping anything that comes to mind, soon “you’ll have an easy-to-read, visual map that makes the connections between ideas jump off the page,” writes marketing strategist Jamie Lee Wallace. “Now, the blank screen that was freaking you out looks like a fresh canvas and you feel like Monet on one of his more inspired days.” Focus your story Once you have an idea you want to pursue, use mind maps to pin down your story’s key take-aways and hone in on what you most want your audience to walk away thinking, feeling or knowing. “Every storytelling exercise should begin by asking: Who is my audience and what is the message I want to share with them?” says writer and editor Carolyn O’Hara. “For instance, if your team is behaving as if failure is not an option, you might decide to impart the message that failure is actually the grandfather of success. Or if you are trying to convince senior leaders to take a risk by supporting your project, you could convey that most companies are built on taking smart chances.” Whatever that key message is, you can use it as the central idea of your mind map to figure out the best way to impart that lesson. Another way to focus your story if you’ve already drawn a map is to go through the map and highlight the most promising concepts or ideas of your narrative. You might end up stripping out ideas that don’t get highlighted or making new maps that focus on just those key items you’ve identified. Establish important connections You can easily reinforce crucial relationships between characters, scenes and plot points using arrows. This helps to add context and think through meaningful connections you might want to emphasize when you start writing. For example, a mind map might help you realize that two characters share the same values or uncover connections between a character’s past and his or her actions. Spot the gaps We all know that one person who loves to point out plot holes in movies. And plot holes can keep even the most experienced writers up at night. Mind maps make it easy to spot unfinished plot points or dangling threads in your story. “Since a mind map is not linear, blank spaces are not only forgivable, they become compelling reasons to think more about the story youre developing,” writes Paul Donovan Campos. If you’re a business storyteller, this can be really useful when telling your brand story because the map can help you anticipate where your audience might be skeptical or have questions. Add layers and context Mind maps help add layers to a linear plot, and while you work on your map, you’ll likely spot natural subplots and develop context around your story. You’ll be able to better understand how your story fits into the bigger picture through mapping it. For example, if you’re telling a story about leadership to your company, a mind map can help you understand how to frame that story in the context of your company’s mission and values. If you’re creating a whole new world with your story (think Harry Potter or Game of Thrones) mind maps can help you create a world that seems real. And with a mind mapping tool like MindMeister, you’ll never run out of room like you would on paper, so you have the freedom to go deep into the details. Write realistic characters Mind maps can also help you write characters who are true to life. Through mind maps, you can freely explore your characters’ communication styles, history, appearance, relationships, defects, and ambitions. Then when you’re writing, you can reference your character mind maps to think through what they would do or say in a certain situation. Begin and end your story When I’m writing an article or blog post, I always leave the intro and conclusion for last. Introducing a story and wrapping it up can be the toughest part of writing. Mind maps give you the big-picture view of your story, making it easy to spot natural points where your narrative could start and finish. And because of their free structure, you can more easily reorganize elements in a mind map to make sure your story flows well from beginning to end. Practice and present If you’re telling your story in front of a live audience, practice can help you become a lot more comfortable. Whether you’re pitching a product, trying to motivate a crowd or drive an audience to action, practicing your presentation with MindMeisters  presentation mode can help you calm your nerves and boost your confidence in your storytelling abilities. “There’s a misperception that great storytellers can whip these yarns out of their hats and deliver with aplomb,” writes Kristi Hedges, author of Power of Presence: Unlock Your Potential to Influence and Engage Others. “The best stories are well-told stories â€" because they get better with each telling.” Maybe you’re a CEO hoping to energize your employees with a story at your next company gathering, or perhaps you’re aiming to become the next J.K Rowling. No matter what kind of tale you’re telling, mind maps are a useful tool that can help you go from a blank page to a complete story that improves understanding, entertains or inspires. Get Started with Mind Mapping! Try MindMeister If you liked this article you might also enjoy:  How to Create High-Value Blog Content with MindMeister and Your Kindle.

Searching for Identity An Analysis of Richard Wrights Native Son and Ralph Ellisons Invisible Man - Literature Essay Samples

Richard Wright and Ralph Ellison, both African American authors active in the middle of the twentieth century, took on the challenge of exploring and exposing the adversity that African Americans faced through their writing. They brought to light the issues of discrimination and the negative effects that racism was having on not only African Americans but society as a whole. Wright and Ellison, in their respective novels Native Son and Invisible Man, depict African American protagonists who are restricted by racism and struggle to develop their own identities in the early twentieth century, resulting in unwanted identities and, occasionally, a lack of identity itself. Wright and Ellison both had similar encounters with racism that greatly impacted their writing. They were both natives of the southern United States and moved north to urban areas. Wright first moved from Mississippi to Memphis, then to Chicago, and later New York where he met Ellison, who had moved from Oklahoma (â€Å"Richard Wright†). When they met in New York, Wright served as a mentor to Ellison and helped him to grow as a writer (â€Å"Ralph Ellison† 1516). Wright’s influence on Ellison is evident through the similarities in their writing styles and content. They both reflect on their personal experiences with discrimination in their novels and many details in their novels are woven from their own encounters. For example, Ellison’s unnamed narrator in Invisible Man even mirrors his own migration from the south to New York City. By pulling from their own experiences, Wright and Ellison are able to make their writing come alive because such autobiograp hical techniques add depth, detail, and vibrancy. The settings of the novels set up an environment that is restrictive for the black protagonists. Although Native Son is set in the relatively northern city of Chicago, Bigger Thomas still experiences repressive discrimination because he is black and perceived as inferior. Even though he lives in a place where race relations are better than race relations in the South, white supremacy and division are rampant. African Americans in the novel were restricted to living in the Black Belt, a neighborhood restricted to African Americans: â€Å"The car sped through the Black Belt, past tall buildings holding black life† (Wright 70). African Americans may have lived in the same city as white people, but they were not equal and still had to live in separate areas and neighborhoods. Similarly, in Invisible Man, the unnamed narrator experiences racism even after he moves to the North in New York. Initially he is taken aback by all the freedoms of African Americans when he first arrives in Harlem; his treatment here is so different from how he was treated at his black university in the South. He is in awe: â€Å"Then at the street intersection I had the shock of seeing a black policeman directing traffic—and there were white drivers in the traffic who obeyed his signals as though it was the most natural thing in the world† (Ellison 159). The simple scene shows such a contrast to what the South must be like since he is so shocked about what he sees, and it gives the reader an idea about the conditions of the South. This initial scene of the unnamed narrator describing Harlem makes it seem like such a great place full of freedom and equality for African Americans; in reality, it ends up being just as oppressive, because white people still control his life through their power and influence. While the physical location influences the black protagonists’ restrictions in both novels, the time period plays the more important role because of how race re lations were in the early to mid-twentieth century. No matter where the African American characters go, they were going to experience racism and discrimination because of how widespread it was at the time. As aforementioned, the setting traps the black protagonist in a limiting environment, which strongly contributes to the theme of an individual in a restricted society. This theme manifests itself throughout both novels as the racism the protagonists are constantly subjected to traps them in an internal struggle for identity. The setting, especially the time period of the novels lays the groundwork for the restricted society, but it is the vivid depictions of racism that both authors employ that paints the picture of a restrictive society. The racism that the protagonists face isolates them from other people and essentially society because they are divided from the white characters. As a result of the division and discrimination, they are kept from equal opportunities, further isolating them and fostering their individual struggles for identity. Racism is a prominent feature in both novels that continually serves to raise internal conflict for the black protagonists because it restricts them by leaving them without identities. The restrictive society turns Bigger Thomas to a life of crime in pursuit of an identity; he reflects the racism and discrimination that he feels from white people back to them, â€Å"To Bigger and his kind white people were not really people; they were a sort of great natural force, like a stormy sky looming overhead, or like a deep swirling river stretching suddenly at one’s feet† (Wright 114). He expresses that white people are not even humans, just as white people felt like him and other African Americans are not even humans. Wright strengthens this idea through a simile comparing white people to an ambiguous natural power. This â€Å"natural force† is what restricts Bigger and makes him feel like he has no other option than to commit crime as both a way of finding an identity and overcoming the white power by breaking the rules set forth in their restrictive society. Similarly, Ellison shows how the unnamed narrator was trapped by society because he always experienced being told who he was, mainly by white people of power, and was never able to figure it out for himself: â€Å"All my life I had been looking for something, and everywhere I turned someone tried to tell me what it was. I accepted their answers too†¦ I was looking for myself and asking everyone except myself questions which I, and only I, could answer† (Ellison 15). In reflection on his life, the unnamed narrator discovers how he was so trapped by society and the only way he could become free was by declaring himself an invisible man. His only escape from the chains of society was by retreating to the underground. Wright and Ellison show how white power oppresses their black protagonists, mainly through striking depictions of racism. Wright and Ellison both use color imagery wherever possible in their novels as a way to describe and identify people; as a result, the white society attempts to force chosen identities on the protagonists based on the color of their skin. Wright uses color to describe everyone in the novel, even the most insignificant and irrelevant characters that appear. Furthermore, he applies this same tactic to not only people but objects as well. For example, the description of a young girl includes, â€Å"She looked like a doll in a show window: black eyes, white face, red lips† (Wright 62). Indeed, just in a simple simile depicting a doll Wright used three different color words. By doing this, Wright emphasizes the significance of color by repeating it in the descriptions of everything; indeed, he develops color as an important symbol throughout the novel. Through the manifestation of color, he represents the division in America at the time and is able to emphasize the intolerance of w hites. Wright’s steadfast repetition and emphasis on color mirrors the biased and intolerant vision of whites. By weaving all of the colors together, Wright develops color imagery; however, it is ironic how even though he places such an emphasis on color through the repeated imagery, he fails to paint a colorful world. He establishes a two-toned world of black and white; moreover, only rarely does he include colors other than black or white in descriptions (Faulkner 3592). The emphasis on color imagery helps the reader to understand how Bigger felt trapped and lose his identity in the overwhelming sea of colors that seemed to control his life. Ellison also develops a strong pattern of color imagery in Invisible Man, but in a different way. While Wright throws it in the reader’s face by making sure to use color diction in nearly every sentence, Ellison uses it in a more subtle but equally effective way by employing color imagery but often more for symbolic purposes. For example, when the unnamed narrator is mixing paints in the paint factory, he only works with white paint because it is the most important one to the company, â€Å"‘White! It’s the purest white that can be found. Nobody makes a paint any whiter. This batch right here is heading for a national monument!’† (Ellison 202). His boss shows such enthusiasm for the white paint by repeating ‘white’ three times, which he follows up by showing its prestige since it will be used for a national monument. This emphasis is meant to mirror and be symbolic of the prestige of white people. Ellison is trying to convey that just as the white paint is superior to all other paints, white people are superior to all other people. He furthers his point in this scene when the unnamed narrator mixes the paint wrong, â€Å"The paint was not as white and glossy as before; it had a gray tinge† (Ellison 203). Even the slightest imperfection in the paint that makes it no longer the purest white yields this reaction from his boss, â€Å"‘What the hell, you trying to sabotage the company?’† (203-204). This is significant because it shows that something that is not the purest white is no good and unworthy. The smallest deviation from the color white in one batch of paint was hyperbolically able to sabotage the entire paint company. Ellison translates this idea to how white people felt about colored people at the time, and how even the slightest bit of color in someone makes them inferior. Ellison develops color imagery carefully in Invisible Man through repetition of color diction with underlying messages. Color imagery is an effective tool for emphasizing race relations since the issues surrounding racism and discrimination revolved around something as seemingly trivial as the color of someone’s skin. It is an overt way of showing the power of race over changing the protagonists’ identity. Wright and Ellison also use a light and dark motif in order to emphasize the racial tensions in Native Son and Invisible Man. In Native Son, Wright uses snow as a recurring symbol throughout the novel. The snow begins to fall once Bigger kills Mary and burns her body, and it is often at night when the falling snow is mentioned. Wright creates a picture of the light, white flakes mixing and juxtaposes it with the dark, night sky: â€Å"Around him were silence and night and snow falling, falling as though it had fallen from the beginning of time and would always fall till the end of the world† (Wright 184). This shows the interaction between light and dark, white and black. The white overpowers all the darkness throughout the novel, covering the city and burying Bigger as he tries to evade the authorities. Ultimately, it is the whiteness that wins out as the snow finally stops falling once Bigger is arrested. Wright is trying to point out that he light presents obstacles for the dark; just as, the white people in society present obstacles for the black people. Ellison presents the light and dark motif in another interesting way through his invisible unnamed narrator. Instead of being lost in the darkness that the white society has put him in, the narrator embraces the light in order to confirm his invisibility, which is the identity he has searched for his entire life: â€Å"I now can see the darkness of lightness. And I love light. Perhaps you’ll think it strange that an invisible man should need light, desire light, love light. But maybe it is exactly because I am invisible. Light confirms my reality, gives birth to my form† (Ellison 6). He learned to embrace the light, which represents the white society, in order to make his own identity of invisibility. Instead of trying to overcome the light with his own darkness, he faded into the light so that his new identity of invisibility could be confirmed, â€Å"Without light I am not only invisible, but formless as well† (Ellison 7). Although he has managed to acquire an identity by his own means, he was still driven to it by the power of light. Ellison does this to show the unnamed narrator’s struggle for identity was able to come to an end by not only embracing his blackness but light as well to secure an identity. The light and dark motif used by Wright and Ellison accentuates the power struggle between African Americans and the white society. Wright and Ellison also investigate the implications of racism in their novels is by introducing foil characters for the black protagonists. These authors use white characters to create contrasts that are the exact opposites of Bigger and the unnamed narrator. They do this in order to create a stark juxtaposition between characters to mirror the divide in society during the early twentieth century. Wright develops a contrast between Bigger Thomas and Mary Dalton, for example. Obvious differences exist such as race, gender, and wealth. Furthermore, Mary is oblivious and proves to know little about blacks. Although she tries to befriend Bigger, it is insulting because she does not take into account his feelings or wants; she is unable to relate to blacks because of the way society conditioned her to view them. She is a symbol and her ignorance represents the ignorance of whites in the early twentieth century (Bradley 2018). Similarly, Mr. Norton in Invisible Man tries to befriend the u nnamed narrator and pretends to understand his situation. While it seems like a nice gesture, in reality, it offends the unnamed narrator because it comes off as condescending and insensitive to his situation. Mr. Norton does not realize that he does not want his pity; he just wants his own freedom and equality. Mary and Mr. Norton’s oblivious ignorance clashing with Bigger and the unnamed narrator’s uneasy and offended responses lead to conflict that highlights the underlying racism of society. In Native Son, Wright consistently uses animal similes to build and showcase the racism of society. Wright often compares the African American characters in the novel to animals through the use of similes; furthermore, this works to dehumanize blacks by portraying them as subhuman. The comparison is simple but effective because it is repeated so frequently throughout the novel; also, it is powerful because it brings to the readers’ attention the main idea that white Americans think less of African Americans, which is the source and drive for racism, segregation, and discriminatory acts. For example, a bystander describes Bigger, â€Å"‘He looks exactly like an ape!’ exclaimed a terrified young white girl who watched the black slayer† (Wright 279). In this simile, by comparing Bigger to an ape, he becomes less human because of the association with an animal. Specifically, it draws a comparison to a primitive ancestor of the human species, which makes it seem like he is an underdeveloped human. This strengthens the idea of white supremacy as this exact simile and other similar ones are repeated multiple times throughout the novel. It burns the idea into Bigger’s mind that he truly is lesser than the white people verbally attacking him. Wright is able to stress racism through his use of literary features. While Wright develops a focus on animal similes to put emphasis on racism, Ellison develops the symbolism of the Sambo doll. The Sambo dolls are little black dolls made out of paper and appear in the novel when they are being sold on the street. Clifton, the man selling them, is dancing them around like puppets, â€Å"A grinning doll of orange-and-black tissue paper†¦which some mysterious mechanism was causing to move up and down in a loose-jointed, shoulder-shaking, infuriatingly sensuous motion, a dance that was completely detached from the black, mask-like face† (Ellison 431). Ellison uses the Sambo dolls as a symbol for African Americans, and the strings that are making the dolls dance and move around are representative of the white society, who has a hold and control over African Americans at the time (Jarenski). This showcases the situation of the individual restricted by society because it takes it to such an extreme since the puppeteer has sole control; all moveme nts are controlled and restricted by the one in charge. This adds to the idea that African Americans are oppressed by white people. The racist environments that Wright and Ellison create have a negative impact on their black protagonists. The segregation and persistent discrimination that they are surrounded by oppresses them. They are kept down by the racist society and not given the same chances. For example, Bigger acknowledges his unequal opportunity because of his race, â€Å"‘I could fly a plane if I had a chance,’ Bigger said. ‘If you wasn’t black and if you had some money and if they’d let you go to that aviation school, you could fly a plane,’ Gus said† (Wright 17). This shows how the racist society oppresses not only Bigger, but all African Americans because of their lowered social standing on account of their race. The unnamed narrator in Invisible Man finds himself in similar situations as well. For example, throughout the novel his various jobs include servicing white men as their driver and being restricted from higher level office jobs and forced to ta ke a job in a paint factory. His opportunities are limited. Owing to the racism and discrimination that the black protagonists are consistently battered by because of their environment, they become oppressed and have little to no freedom or equality. As a result of these feelings of oppression, a common theme of fear arises in both Native Son and Invisible Man. Indeed, fear begins to consume the lives of the oppressed black protagonists. Wright describes the fear and oppression of African Americans, â€Å"They hate because they fear, and they fear because they feel that the deepest feelings of their lives are being assaulted and outraged. And they do not know why; they are powerless pawns in a blind play of social forces† (Wright 390). He shows here how their fear comes about as a result of their oppression since their lives are violated by the intervention by white people. They have no say in their own lives and identity. In turn, it is the fear that Bigger felt that turned him to violence to gain an identity. In Invisible Man, the unnamed narrator’s eventual realization of his fear is what sets him free to find his identity. He realized that everything he ever did was in reaction to the fear he felt; it controlled his life, â€Å"I didn’t understand in those pre-invisible days that their hate, and mine too, was charged with fear† (Ellison 47). Nonetheless, it is the fear he constantly felt that came from his oppression and always held a grip over his life. Once he became aware of it, he became his own person and broke free from the identity given to him. The culmination of the racist environment that oppresses and instills fear in the black protagonists rests in the struggle for an individual in a restricted society to develop an identity. Wright develops this through Bigger, who searches for an identity. He feels lost in a sea of white since he is unable to be recognized by any white people in society. Throughout Native Son, Bigger struggles with his only identity being black, â€Å"It made him live again in that hard and sharp consciousness of his color and feel the shame and fear that went with it, and at the same time it made him hate himself for feeling it† (Wright 347). The only recognition he ever received from anyone was about his race, and it is not until he accidentally finds himself on a spree of criminal activity that he gains notoriety and along with that, an identity. On his path as a criminal, he feels liberated from the chains he was always trapped in, â€Å"never had his will been so free as in this night and day of fear and murder and flight† (Wright 239). Although it is not the identity Bigger wanted, he is happy and satisfied because he is finally noticed by white people; indeed, he feels pride at the fact that white people are paying attention to him, â€Å"The papers ought to be full of him now. It did not seem strange that they should be, for all his life he had felt that things had been happening to him that should have gone into them. But only after he had acted upon feelings which he had had for years would the papers carry the story, his story† (222). It is then when Bigger feels he has gained an identity because of the fact that he is recognized. This recognition from the white community that now fears and hates him gives Bigger the satisfaction of having his own identity. Ellison explores the same search for identity through the unnamed narrator. The protagonist is so lacking in an identity that his name is not ever told. This dissociates himself from the reader as well as from himself. The reader follows him on his journey through life where he is always defined by what people tell him and the identity that other people tell him to take on. When he joins the Brotherhood, he is told, â€Å"This is your new identity† (Ellison 309) as he is given a new name and a new person to become and act as. He never had the chance to be his own person and claim his own identity. His environment kept him down. It was not until he was able to embrace his invisibility and realize its power that he found an identity that he was comfortable with in the underground, â€Å"I would take up residence underground. The end was in the beginning† (Ellison 571). He managed to find peace and happiness away from all the people who tried to control his life; indeed, t hey could not reach him in the underground. Ellison shows the extreme lengths that the unnamed narrator had to take in order to escape. He emphasizes how letting go of what society was telling him and embracing invisibility allowed him to find an identity as an invisible man, â€Å"So after years of trying to adopt the opinions of others I finally rebelled. I am an invisible man† (573). It is important to recognize how the unnamed narrator reached a point of finding an identity, and Ellison even takes it to such an extreme point when he writes, â€Å"I myself, after existing some twenty years, did not become alive until I discovered my invisibility† (6). This shows the true power of identity by equating identity with life. Richard Wright and Ralph Ellison expose through their respective novels, Native Son and Invisible Man, the struggles that African Americans face in the discriminatory society of the twentieth century United States. Furthermore, they demonstrate the adverse effects of such prejudice, including a loss of identity and the inability to find one. Through their protagonists, these authors show the dangers of racism; society as a whole is able to have such a negative impact even on determined individuals by taking away something as simple, personal, and natural as an identity. Works Cited Bradley, David. â€Å"Richard Wright.† Black Literature Criticism. Ed. James P. Draper. Vol. 3. Detroit: Gale, 1992. 2018-2020. Print. Ellison, Ralph. Invisible Man. New York: Vintage International, 1995. Print. Faulkner, Howard. â€Å"Richard Wright.† Critical Survey of Long Fiction. Ed. Carl Rollyson. Vol. 7. Pasadena: Salem Press, 2000. 3588-3596. Print. Jarenski, Shelly. â€Å"Invisibility embraced: the abject as a site of agency in Ellison’s Invisible Man.† MELUS 35.4 (2010): 85+. General OneFile. Web. 8 Dec. 2015. Ed. Nellie Mckay and Henry Gates Jr. New York: Norton, 1997. 1515-1518. Print. Richard Wright. American Decades. Ed. Judith S. Baughman, et al. Detroit: Gale, 1998. Biography in Context. Web. 8 Dec. 2015. Wright, Richard. Native Son. New York: Harper Bros., 1940. Print.